Rail Adda

 Introduction

  Ø    Charles Babbage is called the father of computer.

  Ø  Alan Turing is known as the father of modern computer.

  Ø  The First computer architecture was introduced by John Von Neumann.

  Ø  ENIAC was the first successful computer.

  Ø  Siddhartha was the first computer developed in India.

  Ø  PARAM YUVA -2 is the latest machine in the series of PARAM

  Ø  TIANHE-2 is the world’s fastest supercomputer.

                      Generations of Computer

Generation	Year	Switching Device	speed	Storage Device
First	1940-56	Vacuum tubes	333 micro second	Magnetic drums
Second	1956-63	Transistors	10 micro second	Magnetic core technology
Third	1964-71	ICs	100 Nano second	Magnetic core as primary storage medium
Fourth	1971-Present	Large Scale Integrated(LSI) circuit microprocessor	10 Pico second	Semi-conductor memory, Winchester
Fifth	Present and Beyond	Super Large Scale Integrated(SLSI) chips	-	-

Ø  Classification of Computer.                                                                                      

1.      Microcomputer:-Microcomputers are least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest growing type of computers and are also called portable computers. some types of Microcomputer are

·         Desktop Computer.

·         Notebook.

·         Handheld Computer or Palmtops.

·         Tablet Computer

·         Smart Phones

2.      Mainframe Computer:-Mainframe computers are those having large internal memory storage.It is considered as the heart of a network of computers or terminals that allows a large nuber of people to work at the same time. Some example of mainframe computer are IBM-370,IBM-S/390,UNIVAC-1110.

3.      Minicomputer: - Minicomputers are smaller in size, faster, cost lower than mainframe computers . Minicomputers are IBM-17, DEC PDP-11, HP-9000 etc.

4.      Supercomputer: - Supercomputers are the fastest and the most expensive machines. The speed of supercomputers is measured in FLOPS (Floating Point Operations Per Second).

      Supercomputers are used where highly calculation are required, such as nuclear research, military agencies and scientific research laboratories.

Supercomputers are most powerful compared to all other computers.

·         Siddhartha was the first computer developed in India.

·         The world’s first computer called the Z1.

·         CRAY-1 was the world’s first supercomputer.

·         PARAM was the first supercomputer developed in India in 1990.

·         PARAM YUVA -2 is the latest machine in the series of PARAM.

·         TIANHE-2 is the world’s fastest supercomputer.