Early Medieval
India
The Gurjara Pratiharas
(730-1036)
·
Gurjara Pratihara dynasty was founded by Nagabhatta-1.
·
They originated from Gujarat or South-West
Rajasthan.
·
Bhoja, also known as Mihir Bhoja was
the greatest king of Pratihara dynasty.
·
He was a devotee of Vishnu and adopted the title
of ҅Adivarah҆.
·
Bhoja was succeeded by his son Mahendrapal.
·
Rajashekhar, the great Sanskrit poet lived at
the court of Mahipala, a grandson of Bhoja.
·
Rajashekhar wrote Karpumanjari, Bal
Ramayan, Bal Mahabharata and Kanya Mimamsa.
The Palas (750-1150)
·
The Pala Kingdom was founded by Gopala.
·
The Palas ruled over Bengal and Bihar for almost
four centuries.
·
Gopala was succeeded by his son Dharmapala.
·
Dharmapala and Devapala were great rulers of
this dynasty.
·
He founded the Vikramshila University which grew
to be a great university later on.
·
He revived the Nalanda University.
·
The Palas were the followers of Buddhism.
·
Dharmapala was defeated by the Rashtrakuta
ruler, Dhruva.
The
Rashtrakutas(752-973)
·
Dantidurg founded the Rashtrakuta
empire in 752.
· The Rashtrakutas belonged to the Deccan. They
came to power after the fall of the Chalukyas of Badami in the Deccan.
·
He fixed his capital at Malkhand (Present
Malkhed, Maharashtra).
·
They were called Ballahara by
Arabs.
·
The famous Shiva temple (rock cut temple
at Ellora) built by Krishna-ӏ.
·
Govinda-ӏӏӏ and Amoghavarsha
was the greatest ruler of Rashtrakuta.
·
Amoghavarsha ruled for 64 years. He
composed one of the earliest text in Kannada literature, the “Kaviraj Marga”.
·
Amoghavarsha wrote Kavirajamarga,
the earliest Kannada book on Poetics.
·
The great aprabhamsha poet, Svayambhu lived at
the Rashtrakuta court.
·
Dhruva incorporated the symbols of Ganga and
Yamuna into Rashtrakuta emblem.
·
Krishna-ӏӏӏ defeated the chola king Parantaka-ӏ
and annexed the northern part of the Chola empire.
The Cholas Empire
(850-1279)
·
Vijalaya Chola founded the Chola
dynasty in 850 AD.
·
Cholas was the greatest among all the south
Indian dynasties.
·
The Chola established his rule in the Tamil land
with Tanjore as his capital.
·
Rajraja and his son Rajendra-ӏ was the greatest
ruler of Chola Empire.
·
Rajraja built Brihasdiswara temple (attributed
to Shiva) at Tanjore.
·
Rajendra-ӏ controlled the whole of Indian Ocean.
He conquered Orissa, Bengal, Burma and Andaman and Nicobar island.
·
He built a city called Gangaikondacholapuram.
He assumed the title “Gangaikonda
Chola”.
·
Chola maintained a huge navy.
·
Rajendra-ӏӏӏ was the last ruler of Chola
dynasty.
·
Kambana, Kuttana and Pugalendi are considered as
the three gems of Tamil poetry.
Ø Other Kingdoms of South
Kingdom
|
Founder
|
Capital
|
Later Chalukyas
|
Tailap-ӏӏ
|
Kalyani, Karnataka
|
Kakatiyas
|
Prolaraja-ӏӏ
|
Warangal, Andhra Pradesh
|
Yadavs
|
Bhillam-V
|
Devagiri, Maharashtra
|
Hoyasalas
|
Vittigadev
|
Dwarasamundra, Karnataka
|
Arrival of Muslim
Mahmud Ghazni
·
Mahmud defeated Jayapala.
·
He made 17 raids into India and the subsequent
raids of Mahmud were aimed at plundering the rich temples of cities.
·
Mahmud Ghazni destroyed the Somnath temple
of Gujarat in 1026 AD.
·
He died in 1030 AD .
Mohammad Ghori
·
He may be considered the founder of muslim rule
in India.
·
His real name was Muizuddin Mohammad bin sam. He
started moving towards India around 1175.
·
He entered India through Gomal Pass and
conquered Multan and Uchch.
·
He was defeated by Prithviraja Chauhan
in the First Battle of Tarain in 1191 and he defeated Prithviraja
Chauhan in the second battle of Tarain in 1192.
·
Battle of Chandawar was fought
between Mohammad Ghori and Jaichand in 1194.
·
Mohammad Ghori defeated Jaichand in Battle of Chandawar.
·
Image of goddess Lakshmi has been found
on coins of Mohammad Ghori.
·
On his
way back to Ghazni, he was killed by a muslim fanatic belonging to rival
sect.
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